Diagnosed Of Liver Cancer
How is liver cancer diagnosed?
HCC screening - high risk individuals for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) should have regular screenings for liver cancer. Liver cancer, if not diagnosed early is much more difficult to get rid of. The only way to know whether you have liver cancer early on is through screening, because you will have no symptoms. High risk people include those with hepatitis C and B, patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, other alcohol abusers, and those that have cirrhosis as a result of Hemochromatosis.
Diagnostic tests may include:
Blood test - afp (alpha fetoprotein), a type of protein, is produced by liver tumors and can be detected in a blood test.
Imaging scans - either an MRI or CT scan.
Biopsy - a small sample of tumor tissue is removed and analyzed. The analysis can reveal whether the tumor is cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign).
Liver cancer is categorized into four stages:
Stage 1 - the tumor is just in/on the liver and nowhere else.
Stage 2 - either there are several small tumors, but all within the liver, or one tumor that has reached a blood vessel.
Stage 3 - either there are various large tumors, or there is just one that has reached the main blood vessel(s). Cancer may have also reached the gallbladder.
Stage 4 - metastasis. The liver cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
What are the treatment options for liver cancer? Unfortunately, because symptoms do not appear until the liver cancer is well advanced, currently only a small percentage of patients with HCC can be cured; according to the National Health Service (January 2010) only about 5%.
Liver cancer treatment options may include: Treating curable cancer:
Surgery - in the early stages when the tumor is small occupies just a very small part of the liver, it can be surgically removed (surgical resection). Even if part of the liver is removed during this procedure, the patient's health should not be significantly undermined.
Liver transplant - candidates for a liver transplant cannot have a tumor larger than 2 inches (5cm), according to the National Health Service (NHS), UK. If the tumor is larger the risk of the cancer coming back is too high, says the NHS.
Treating non-curable cancer - if the liver cancer has had a chance to advance, the likelihood of a cure is extremely small. However, there are things the medical team can do to treat symptoms and slow its advancement.
Ablative therapy - substances are injected directly into the tumor, such as alcohol. Lasers and radio waves can also be used.
Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) -
radiation is directed at the tumor(s), killing a significant number of them. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting and fatigue.
Chemotherapy - medications are injected into the liver to kill cancer cells (chemoembolization). In chemoembolization the blood supply to the tumor is blocked surgically or mechanically and anticancer drugs (chemotherapy) are administered directly into the tumor.
Volunteer for clinical studies - when trials reach the human stage they are called clinical trials. Ask your doctor whether there are any available in which you may be able to take part.
Treatment options may vary, depending on the type of liver cancer. For cholangiocarcinoma the medical team may recommend photodynamic therapy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy or liver transplantation. For hepatoblastomas, doctors may use chemotherapy, radiation therapy, liver transplantation, or surgical resection. How can liver cancer be prevented? Alcohol:Long-term, regular high alcohol intake significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, which in turn makes the likelihood of developing liver cancer much greater. It stands to reason, therefore, that moderating one's alcohol intake (or giving up completely) can significantly reduce the risk of developing liver cancer.
Hepatitis B: The following individuals should seriously consider receiving the hepatitis vaccine; drug addicts who share needles, individuals who engage in unprotected sex with partners who may be at risk of having hepatitis B, nurses, doctors, dentists and other individuals whose occupations raise their risk of becoming infected. Frequent travelers, especially those who go to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common should also consider being vaccinated.
Hepatitis C: Although there is no sure way of protecting oneself from hepatitis C, using a condom during sex may help reduce the risk of infection. There is no hepatitis C vaccination (July 2010).
Body pierceings and tattoos - make sure the establishment is reputable and new or very well sterilized needles are being used. If you have any doubt about the place, go somewhere else.
How is liver cancer diagnosed?
HCC screening - high risk individuals for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) should have regular screenings for liver cancer. Liver cancer, if not diagnosed early is much more difficult to get rid of. The only way to know whether you have liver cancer early on is through screening, because you will have no symptoms. High risk people include those with hepatitis C and B, patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, other alcohol abusers, and those that have cirrhosis as a result of Hemochromatosis.
Diagnostic tests may include:
Blood test - afp (alpha fetoprotein), a type of protein, is produced by liver tumors and can be detected in a blood test.
Imaging scans - either an MRI or CT scan.
Biopsy - a small sample of tumor tissue is removed and analyzed. The analysis can reveal whether the tumor is cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign).
Liver cancer is categorized into four stages:
Stage 1 - the tumor is just in/on the liver and nowhere else.
Stage 2 - either there are several small tumors, but all within the liver, or one tumor that has reached a blood vessel.
Stage 3 - either there are various large tumors, or there is just one that has reached the main blood vessel(s). Cancer may have also reached the gallbladder.
Stage 4 - metastasis. The liver cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
What are the treatment options for liver cancer? Unfortunately, because symptoms do not appear until the liver cancer is well advanced, currently only a small percentage of patients with HCC can be cured; according to the National Health Service (January 2010) only about 5%.
Liver cancer treatment options may include: Treating curable cancer:
Surgery - in the early stages when the tumor is small occupies just a very small part of the liver, it can be surgically removed (surgical resection). Even if part of the liver is removed during this procedure, the patient's health should not be significantly undermined.
Liver transplant - candidates for a liver transplant cannot have a tumor larger than 2 inches (5cm), according to the National Health Service (NHS), UK. If the tumor is larger the risk of the cancer coming back is too high, says the NHS.
Treating non-curable cancer - if the liver cancer has had a chance to advance, the likelihood of a cure is extremely small. However, there are things the medical team can do to treat symptoms and slow its advancement.
Ablative therapy - substances are injected directly into the tumor, such as alcohol. Lasers and radio waves can also be used.
radiation is directed at the tumor(s), killing a significant number of them. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting and fatigue.
Chemotherapy - medications are injected into the liver to kill cancer cells (chemoembolization). In chemoembolization the blood supply to the tumor is blocked surgically or mechanically and anticancer drugs (chemotherapy) are administered directly into the tumor.
Volunteer for clinical studies - when trials reach the human stage they are called clinical trials. Ask your doctor whether there are any available in which you may be able to take part.
Treatment options may vary, depending on the type of liver cancer. For cholangiocarcinoma the medical team may recommend photodynamic therapy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy or liver transplantation. For hepatoblastomas, doctors may use chemotherapy, radiation therapy, liver transplantation, or surgical resection. How can liver cancer be prevented? Alcohol:Long-term, regular high alcohol intake significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, which in turn makes the likelihood of developing liver cancer much greater. It stands to reason, therefore, that moderating one's alcohol intake (or giving up completely) can significantly reduce the risk of developing liver cancer.
Hepatitis B: The following individuals should seriously consider receiving the hepatitis vaccine; drug addicts who share needles, individuals who engage in unprotected sex with partners who may be at risk of having hepatitis B, nurses, doctors, dentists and other individuals whose occupations raise their risk of becoming infected. Frequent travelers, especially those who go to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common should also consider being vaccinated.
Hepatitis C: Although there is no sure way of protecting oneself from hepatitis C, using a condom during sex may help reduce the risk of infection. There is no hepatitis C vaccination (July 2010).
Body pierceings and tattoos - make sure the establishment is reputable and new or very well sterilized needles are being used. If you have any doubt about the place, go somewhere else.
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